sBPMN Ontology
type: Ontology
creator: Franz Krause
description: An OWL formalization of BPMN 2.0 core constructs.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

activity
type: Class
subclass of: flowNode
comment: Base for executable work (task, subprocess, callActivity).

adHocSubProcess
type: Class
subclass of: subProcess
comment: Subprocess where contained activities may run in an ad-hoc (unordered/conditional) manner.

allBehaviorMultiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: All
    on property: behavior
subclass of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
comment: MI behavior where all instances must complete per rule.

artifact
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Non-executable artifact (e.g., group, annotation).

assignment
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Data assignment from source to target (within data associations).

association
type: Class
subclass of: artifact
comment: Connecting object linking artifacts and flow elements (non-control).

auditing
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Placeholder for audit metadata of a model element.

backwardDirectionRelationship
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: relationship
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Backward
    on property: direction
subclass of: relationship
comment: Relationship with backward/target-to-source direction (schema helper).

baseElement
type: Class
comment: Abstract root carrying id, documentation, and extensions.

baseElementWithMixedContent
type: Class
comment: Base element whose documentation/extension may include mixed content.

bidirectionalAssociation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: association
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Both
    on property: associationDirection
subclass of: association
comment: Association whose direction is both ways (diagram semantics).

bothDirectionRelationship
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: relationship
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Both
    on property: direction
subclass of: relationship
comment: Relationship with both directions (schema helper).

boundaryEvent
type: Class
subclass of: catchEvent
comment: Event attached to an activity boundary (interrupting or non-interrupting).

businessRuleTask
type: Class
subclass of: task
comment: Task that evaluates business rules/decision logic.

callActivity
type: Class
subclass of: activity
comment: Activity that invokes a reusable process or global task.

callChoreography
type: Class
subclass of: choreographyActivity
comment: Choreography activity that calls a reusable global choreography.

callConversation
type: Class
subclass of: conversationNode
comment: Conversation node that invokes a reusable globalConversation.

callableElement
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Abstract base for elements that can be called (process, globalTask, globalChoreographyTask).

cancelEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition that cancels a running transaction.

catchEvent
type: Class
subclass of: event
comment: Event that waits for a trigger (base for start/intermediate-catch/boundary).

category
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Taxonomy definition used for tagging (with categoryValues).

categoryValue
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Concrete tag value from a category applied to elements.

choreography
type: Class
subclass of: collaboration
comment: A process describing interactions (message exchanges) between participants.

choreographyActivity
type: Class
subclass of: flowNode
comment: Base of choreographyTask and subChoreography; describes an interaction step.

choreographyTask
type: Class
subclass of: choreographyActivity
comment: A single-step interaction between participants (who sends/receives what).

collaboration
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Diagram of participants (pools) and their message flows.

compensateEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition that triggers compensation handlers.

compensateTransaction
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transaction
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: ##Compensate
    on property: method
subclass of: transaction
comment: Transaction that triggers compensation (non-standard specialization; diagram-level semantics).

complexBehaviorDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Rule used within MI loop to control behavior on completion/activation.

complexBehaviorMultiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Complex
    on property: behavior
subclass of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
comment: Fine-grained completion/trigger rules for multi-instance behavior.

complexGateway
type: Class
subclass of: gateway
comment: Gateway with expression-defined merging/splitting behavior.

conditionalEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition that fires when a condition becomes true.

convergingDirectionGateway
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gateway
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Converging
    on property: gatewayDirection
subclass of: gateway
comment: Gateway state when merging flow (schema helper).

conversation
type: Class
subclass of: conversationNode
comment: Set of related message exchanges between participants.

conversationAssociation
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Association linking a conversation and model elements.

conversationLink
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Connector that associates a conversation node with a participant.

conversationNode
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Abstract base for conversation, callConversation, subConversation.

correlationKey
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Named set of correlation properties to match messages to instances.

correlationProperty
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Property used to compute correlation keys from messages.

correlationPropertyBinding
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Binds a correlation property to a concrete value in a message.

correlationPropertyRetrievalExpression
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Expression describing how to extract a correlation property from a message.

correlationSubscription
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Defines correlation keys subscribed to by a process for message matching.

dataAssociation
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Generic association connecting data sources and targets.

dataInput
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Declared input parameter for an activity/process.

dataInputAssociation
type: Class
subclass of: dataAssociation
comment: Association connecting sources to a dataInput of an activity.

dataObject
type: Class
subclass of: flowElement
comment: Data artifact within a process instance.

dataObjectReference
type: Class
subclass of: flowElement
comment: Reference to a dataObject used in a process.

dataOutput
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Declared output parameter for an activity/process.

dataOutputAssociation
type: Class
subclass of: dataAssociation
comment: Association connecting an activity's dataOutput to targets.

dataState
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Named state for a data object/store (e.g., Approved).

dataStore
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Persistent data container shared across processes.

dataStoreReference
type: Class
subclass of: flowElement
comment: Reference to a persistent dataStore.

divergingDirectionGateway
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gateway
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Diverging
    on property: gatewayDirection
subclass of: gateway
comment: Gateway state when splitting flow (schema helper for direction).

documentation
type: Class
comment: Free text attached to any model element.

endEvent
type: Class
subclass of: throwEvent
comment: Event that ends a path; may throw a result (error/escalation/etc.).

endPoint
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Endpoint (address) used for message exchange (collaboration context).

error
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Named error used by error events and operations.

errorEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition representing an error (exception).

escalation
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Named escalation used by escalation events.

escalationEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition signaling an escalation condition.

event
type: Class
subclass of: flowNode
comment: Abstract base for start, intermediate, end, and boundary events.

eventBasedGateway
type: Class
subclass of: gateway
comment: Gateway that routes based on the first event that occurs.

eventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Abstract base for event definitions (message, timer, error, etc.).

exclusiveEventBasedGateway
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: eventBasedGateway
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Exclusive
    on property: eventGatewayType
subclass of: eventBasedGateway
comment: Event-based gateway that expects exactly one of several events.

exclusiveGateway
type: Class
subclass of: gateway
comment: XOR gateway that routes one of many paths.

expression
type: Class
subclass of: baseElementWithMixedContent
comment: Generic expression value (language + body).

extension
type: Class
comment: One extension entry inside extensionElements.

extensionElements
type: Class
comment: Container for vendor/tool-specific extensions on a model element.

flowElement
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Abstract base for elements inside a process (activities, gateways, events, sequence flows).

flowNode
type: Class
subclass of: flowElement
comment: Base for nodes with incoming/outgoing sequence flows.

formalExpression
type: Class
subclass of: expression
comment: Expression with optional language, evaluates formally (e.g., XPath, FEEL).

forwardDirectionRelationship
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: relationship
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Forward
    on property: direction
subclass of: relationship
comment: Relationship with forward/source-to-target direction (schema helper).

gateway
type: Class
subclass of: flowNode
comment: Decision/merge control point in the process flow.

globalBusinessRuleTask
type: Class
subclass of: globalTask
comment: Reusable business rule task definition.

globalChoreographyTask
type: Class
subclass of: choreography
comment: Reusable choreography task definition.

globalConversation
type: Class
subclass of: collaboration
comment: Reusable conversation definition.

globalManualTask
type: Class
subclass of: globalTask
comment: Reusable manual task definition.

globalScriptTask
type: Class
subclass of: globalTask
comment: Reusable script task definition (callable from a CallActivity).

globalTask
type: Class
subclass of: callableElement
comment: Reusable abstract task definition.

globalUserTask
type: Class
subclass of: globalTask
comment: Reusable user task definition.

group
type: Class
subclass of: artifact
comment: Artifact that groups elements visually/logically.

humanPerformer
type: Class
subclass of: performer
comment: Resource role specifying human execution of an activity.

imageTransaction
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transaction
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: ##Image
    on property: method
subclass of: transaction
comment: Transaction marker/style for diagram rendering (non-executable, diagram-oriented).

implicitThrowEvent
type: Class
subclass of: throwEvent
comment: Throw event without explicit marker (rarely used directly).

inclusiveGateway
type: Class
subclass of: gateway
comment: OR gateway allowing one or more outgoing paths based on conditions.

informationItemDefinition
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: itemDefinition
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Information
    on property: itemKind
subclass of: itemDefinition
comment: Lightweight data type used in conversations (non-executable informational item).

inputOutputBinding
type: Class
comment: Binds input/output parameters when calling a callable element.

inputOutputSpecification
type: Class
comment: Declares data inputs/outputs and groups of how they’re used.

inputSet
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Grouping of dataInputs that are consumed together.

interface
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Service interface grouping operations.

intermediateCatchEvent
type: Class
subclass of: catchEvent
comment: Mid-process event that waits for a trigger.

intermediateThrowEvent
type: Class
subclass of: throwEvent
comment: Mid-process event that throws a trigger.

ioBinding
type: Class
comment: Binds inputs/outputs between an activity and a callable element.

ioSpecification
type: Class
comment: Lists all data inputs and outputs and groups them into input/output sets.

itemDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Defines the structure/type carried by data objects or messages.

lane
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Swimlane partition that groups flow nodes by responsibility.

laneSet
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Container grouping lanes within a process/subprocess.

linkEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition that links two points in a process (goto-like).

loopCharacteristics
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Abstract base for activity looping configuration.

manualTask
type: Class
subclass of: task
comment: Task performed manually without system support.

message
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Message type (payload) referenced by operations and message flows.

messageEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition for sending/receiving a specific message.

messageFlow
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Connecting object that shows message exchange between participants.

messageFlowAssociation
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Associates a message flow with a message and correlation data.

mixedDirectionGateway
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gateway
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Mixed
    on property: gatewayDirection
subclass of: gateway
comment: Gateway capable of both converging and diverging (schema helper).

monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Placeholder for runtime monitoring metadata of a model element.

multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
type: Class
subclass of: loopCharacteristics
comment: Configures multi-instance execution (parallel or sequential) of an activity.

multiInstanceParallelLoopChoreographyActivity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: choreographyActivity
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: MultiInstanceParallel
    on property: loopType
subclass of: choreographyActivity
comment: Choreography activity executed multiple times in parallel.

multiInstanceSequentialLoopChoreographyActivity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: choreographyActivity
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: MultiInstanceSequential
    on property: loopType
subclass of: choreographyActivity
comment: Choreography activity executed multiple times sequentially.

noneBehaviorMultiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: None
    on property: behavior
subclass of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
comment: MI behavior with no special completion rule beyond default.

noneDirectionRelationship
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: relationship
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: None
    on property: direction
subclass of: relationship
comment: Relationship without specified direction.

noneLoopChoreographyActivity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: choreographyActivity
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: None
    on property: loopType
subclass of: choreographyActivity
comment: Choreography activity with no looping behavior.

noneProcess
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: None
    on property: processType
subclass of: process
comment: Process with type 'none' (no public/private semantics).

oneBehaviorMultiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: One
    on property: behavior
subclass of: multiInstanceLoopCharacteristics
comment: MI behavior where completion is based on one instance rule.

oneWayAssociation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: association
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: One
    on property: associationDirection
subclass of: association
comment: Association with direction indicated as one-way (diagram semantics).

operation
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Service operation with in/out messages and errors.

outputSet
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Grouping of dataOutputs that are produced together.

parallelAdHocSubProcess
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: adHocSubProcess
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Parallel
    on property: ordering
subclass of: adHocSubProcess
comment: Ad-hoc subprocess where activities may run in parallel.

parallelEventBasedGateway
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: eventBasedGateway
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Parallel
    on property: eventGatewayType
subclass of: eventBasedGateway
comment: Event-based gateway that waits for multiple events in parallel.

parallelGateway
type: Class
subclass of: gateway
comment: AND gateway synchronizing/splitting parallel paths.

participant
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: A pool representing a participant in collaboration.

participantAssociation
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Maps choreography participants to process elements.

participantMultiplicity
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Multiplicity constraints for a participant in choreography.

partnerEntity
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Defines an external business entity participating in conversations/choreographies.

partnerRole
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Role played by a partner entity in interactions.

performer
type: Class
subclass of: resourceRole
comment: Generic performer role for an activity.

physicalItemDefinition
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: itemDefinition
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Physical
    on property: itemKind
subclass of: itemDefinition
comment: Information item that refers to a physical item (conversation context).

potentialOwner
type: Class
subclass of: humanPerformer
comment: Human candidate allowed to claim a user task.

privateProcess
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Private
    on property: processType
subclass of: process
comment: Process internal to an organization (detailed orchestration).

process
type: Class
subclass of: callableElement
comment: Container of flow elements; an executable or non-executable business process.

property
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Local variable scoped to a process or flow element.

publicProcess
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Public
    on property: processType
subclass of: process
comment: Process intended for public view/interfaces (non-executable details abstracted).

receiveTask
type: Class
subclass of: task
comment: Task that waits to receive a message.

relationship
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Generic typed relationship between two model elements.

rendering
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Diagram interchange rendering (icon/graphic) for an element.

resource
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Defines a resource (human/system) type.

resourceAssignmentExpression
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Expression that assigns resources (performers) to an activity.

resourceParameter
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Parameter of a resource definition.

resourceParameterBinding
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Binds a resourceParameter to a value for a specific activity.

resourceRole
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Base role that links activities to resources/performers.

rootElement
type: Class
subclass of: baseElement
comment: Abstract element that may appear at definitions level (process, message, error, etc.).

script
type: Class
comment: Script body value (textual content for scriptTask, etc.).

scriptTask
type: Class
subclass of: task
comment: Task that runs an inline script.

sendTask
type: Class
subclass of: task
comment: Task that sends a message.

sequenceFlow
type: Class
subclass of: flowElement
comment: Directed control-flow connection between two flow nodes, optionally with a condition.

sequentialAdHocSubProcess
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: adHocSubProcess
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Sequential
    on property: ordering
subclass of: adHocSubProcess
comment: Ad-hoc subprocess where activities are constrained to sequential execution.

serviceTask
type: Class
subclass of: task
comment: Task that invokes an automated service.

signal
type: Class
subclass of: rootElement
comment: Named broadcast trigger used by signal events.

signalEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition for broadcast signals.

standardLoopCharacteristics
type: Class
subclass of: loopCharacteristics
comment: While/do-while style loop settings for an activity.

standardLoopChoreographyActivity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: choreographyActivity
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Standard
    on property: loopType
subclass of: choreographyActivity
comment: Choreography activity repeating using standard loop semantics.

startEvent
type: Class
subclass of: catchEvent
comment: Event that starts a process or subprocess.

storeTransaction
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: transaction
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: ##Store
    on property: method
subclass of: transaction
comment: Transaction focused on data persistence (non-standard specialization; diagram-level semantics).

subChoreography
type: Class
subclass of: choreographyActivity
comment: Embedded choreography with internal flow.

subConversation
type: Class
subclass of: conversationNode
comment: Conversation composed of other conversation nodes.

subProcess
type: Class
subclass of: activity
comment: Activity that contains an embedded flow (can be expanded/collapsed).

task
type: Class
subclass of: activity
comment: Atomic unit of work.

terminateEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition that terminates the process scope immediately.

text
type: Class
comment: Plain text content used in documentation/expressions.

textAnnotation
type: Class
subclass of: artifact
comment: Artifact carrying free-form explanatory text.

throwEvent
type: Class
subclass of: event
comment: Event that throws a trigger (base for intermediate/end throw).

timerEventDefinition
type: Class
subclass of: eventDefinition
comment: Event definition triggered by time (date/duration/cycle).

transaction
type: Class
subclass of: subProcess
comment: Subprocess with transactional semantics (supports cancel).

undirectedAssociation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: association
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: None
    on property: associationDirection
subclass of: association
comment: Association without arrowheads (pure annotation link).

unspecifiedDirectionGateway
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: gateway
  intersection of: Restriction
    has value: Unspecified
    on property: gatewayDirection
subclass of: gateway
comment: Gateway with unspecified direction (schema helper).

userTask
type: Class
subclass of: task
comment: Task performed by a human via a UI or worklist.